Rhizoctonia solani, which causes big problems in Europe, is a fungus that prefers warmth. It hardly attacks plants at temperatures below 15ºC, and, above all, is seen in conjunction with problems of bad soil structure and compaction damage. Even though the fungus prefers higher temperatures, attacks are not uncommonly seen in North Western Europe.

Rhizoctonia can also cause severe rot in big roots. The infection occurs in spots and may result in wilting tops as well. Often the crown is also infected. Rhizoctonia has increased dramatically in countries like Germany, France and Holland.

Resistant Hilleshög varieties are available. The first ones were developed for growing in the USA, but during the last few years they have been adapted to European conditions.

• Ensure good drainage. As a rule good drainage is a disadvantage for the fungus which needs damp conditions.
• Take care of the soil. Everything that favours the plants at emergence, such as good soil structure without compaction damage, a high pH and preferably a little extra phosphorus, reduces the risk of infection.
• Use fungicide treated seed. It will give a certain degree of protection during emergence and in the following weeks.
• Maintain a good crop rotation of at least four years, as the fungus survives in the soil. Avoid maize in the crop rotation.
• Avoid irrigation if the risk of infection exists.